Blood transfusion needs among obstetric patients in a tertiary care hospital: a prospective observational study

Background: Pregnancy possess a special challenge as immune responses in pregnant and non-pregnant states are different. The objectives of this study were to analyze the various indications for blood and blood component transfusion in obstetric patients. To study the prevalence and indications for blood transfusion among obstetric patients. To evaluate the various risk factors among these women. To study the role of antenatal visits in patients requiring blood transfusionMethods: A prospective observational study will be undertaken over a period of one year from July 2018 to June 2019 in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at SSIMS and RC, Davangere. This study was conducted on pregnant women and immediate postpartum patients (up to 7 days after delivery) admitted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and requiring blood and blood component therapy. Statistical analysis will be performed using Chi square test and Student’s t test.Results: During study period out of 5486 patients 543 patients required blood transfusion. The incidence of blood transfusion is 9.89%. The indications for blood and blood product transfusion observed in our study were anemia, obstetric hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, ruptured ectopic, incomplete abortion, complete abortion and hydatidiform mole. Anemia in pregnancy was the most common indication and was observed in 217 cases (39.96%) followed by postpartum hemorrhage, which was seen in 117 cases (21.54%). The incidence of transfusion reactions was 5.34% in our study.Conclusions: A proper knowledge of blood and blood product transfusion is needed to make it available for people who are actually in need and also to decrease the economic burden. Regular Antenatal checkups should be given more importance in order to maximize the hemoglobin level at the time of delivery and to screen out the high-risk patients. Active management of the third stage of labor is required to minimize the blood loss. Anemia followed by obstetric hemorrhage still persists to be a major cause for blood and blood product transfusion

Evaluation of prescribing patterns of teaching and non teaching hospitals by undergraduate medical students in Pune, India

Background: This study was carried out in various hospitals to analyze the use of rational fixed dose combinations (FDCs) in Pune.Methods: 279 prescriptions were evaluated in this study. Information about age, sex, names of the all the drugs prescribed by doctor/ physician, diagnosis for the use of prescriptions and adverse effects were noted in the audit form from the prescriptions of the patients. Rationality of fixed dose combination is evaluated according to WHO Model List of Essential Drugs, 17th updated version, 2011.Results: 56.98 % doctor’s prescriptions in this study were containing of fixed dose combinations and out of this 10.69 % prescriptions were including two or more FDCs in their prescriptions. Only 13.20% FDCs were in accordance with WHO Model List of Essential Drugs. FDCs from antiinflammatory and antirheumatic products, vitamins, minerals, antianaemic preparations, drugs for acid related disorders, antibacterials for systemic use and cough and cold preparations were used more by private non teaching hospitals as compared to SKNMC & GH teaching hospital.  64.61 % prescriptions of private hospitals and 34.08 % prescriptions of teaching hospital were containing more than one drug.Conclusions: This study has shown that about every alternate prescription contains FDC. More than 80 % of prescribed FDCs are not in accordance with Essential Drugs List. Vitamins, minerals, antianaemic preparation FDCs should be prescribed judiciously as they are not free from ADRs. More number of drugs (poly-pharmacy) and FDCs were prescribed by non teaching private hospitals

Performance up gradation of static VAR compensator with thyristor binary switched capacitor and reactor using model reference adaptive controller

There are various static var compensator configurations are available and listed in the literature. Their performances are evaluated based on their voltage support, dynamic response, losses, cost, and additional filter requirement, if any. In this paper, efforts are made to improve the dynamic performance parameter such as rise time, settling time, and peak overshoots. A new topology with an adaptive controller is presented, in which capacitor and reactor banks are divided in their binary values and connected in the shunt. Capacitor and reactor banks are operated by thyristorised switches. Both these banks are operated in closed-loop form as a cascade control. Amongst these, capacitor bank operates as coarse control, and reactor bank acts as fine control. For the performance enhancement, a model reference adaptive controller is used. The system identification toolbox is used to evaluate the mathematical model of the plant with Matlab. The model\u27s performance was analyzed deeply by the adaptive controller with different reference models such as critical, under, and overdamped. The performance parameters such as rise time, settling time, and peak overshoot in the form of reactive power swings, are evaluated and plotted for different adaptive gains using MIT rules

Generating Private Recommendation System Using Multiple Homomorphic Encryption Scheme

The recommender system is important tool in online application to generate the recommendation services. Recommendations are generated by collecting the data from users need; online services access the user’s profiles for generating useful recommendations. Privacy sensitive data is used for to collect the data. Collaborative filtering technique gives privacy for sensitive data if data is misused by other service providers or leaked. Existing system uses Paillier encryption algorithm & DGK algorithm to secure user data from malicious third party as well as to protect the private data against service provider but system is more complex and inefficient. Proposed system protects the privacy of user using encrypting the sensitive data. The system uses multiple homomorphic algorithms to secure user data from service providers. The system is used to protect the confidential data of user against the service provider while providing online services. Encrypting private data is recommended and process on data to generate recommendations. To construct efficient system that does not require the active participation of the user. The experiment shows that the result that provide the security by hiding the personal data of user from third party DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15076

Effect of addition of gulkand and rose petal powder on chemical composition and organoleptic properties of Shrikhand

In this study, the effect of addition of Gulkand and rose petal powder on the chemical composition and sensory properties has been carried. Various compositions of gulkand and rose petal powder viz. 1-1.5, 1.5-1.5, 2-1.5 and 2.5-1.5 (in gm) has been added in chakka during Shrikhand preparation. The results revealed that the protein and fat percent of the Shrikhand decreased whereas carbohydrate, ash and moisture percent increased with increasing level of gulkand and rose petal powder. On the basis of various sensory parameters, Shrikhand containing 2:1.5 gm of gulkand and dried rose petal powder was most liked by panel members and hence further examined for storage efficiency. On the basis of sensory evaluation and microbial analysis the product was acceptable for a period of 21 days under refrigerated temperature.&nbsp

Study of density and distribution of mast cells in endometrium

Introduction: Mast cells are heterogenous group of immune cells involved in multiple biological events they play vital role in various inflammatory and immunological reactions, linking humoral and cell mediated phases of processes. Aim and Objective: In this study we have tried to compare the density and distribution of mast cells in various endometrial lesions. Material and Methods: A prospective study with 101 cases of post hysterectomy were studied. Hysterectomy specimens were cut open from anterior wall, incorporated endometrium and myometrium, fixed in 10% formalin after routine processing, embedded in paraffin, 5 micron thickness section taken and stained with Haematoxillin-Eosin, and toludine blue to visualize mast cells. Results: It showed a significant p value which was < 0.001. Conclusion: Mast cell profile may be an additional diagnostic/prognostic tool in different endometrial lesions

Obstetric emergencies during the COVID-19 lockdown period: a case series

Obstetric emergencies during COVID-19 pandemic pose an enormous challenge to the concerned obstetrician. Risk stratification during obstetric triage will guide in the initial assessment & planning of further management to reduce maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality rates. As the health system adapts to cope with this pandemic, special attention needs to be given to the several moral and ethical dilemmas that may occur during patient care

Comparison of non invasive ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula oxygenation in patients with covid-19: A randomized clinical study

Introduction: Non invasive ventilation (NIV) is a pressure-targeted modality and due to pressure efficacy of NIV is determined. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a non invasive ventilator which provides oxygenation with high flow and is well-tolerated assist device. There are limited studies comparing the effect of two methods of oxygen administration among covid-19 patients. Hence this study was conducted to compare the use of HFNC and NIV as first line of treatment in covid -19 patients with respiratory failure. Methods: This study was done on 82 patients diagnosed with covid-19 infection, 41 patients in NIV group and 41 patients in HFNC group. Patients with rtPCR positive in hypoxemic respiratory failure who require NIV or HFNC as first line of treatment, patients aged between 20-60 years and weighing between 40-80kgs were included in the study. Results: There was no significant difference statistically in regards to mean heart rate, mean respiratory rate, pH and PaCO2 .There was no significant statistical difference in oxygen saturation (Spo2) from admission till 48 hours in between the two groups and there was statistically significant difference from 48 hours of admission to day 6. In NIV group, 4.9% required intubation and in HFNC group 19.5% required intubation. Conclusion: Patients who are diagnosed with covid-19 and in acutehypoxemic respiratory failure can be treated either with NIV or HFNC as a first line of treatment. NIV is more effective in terms of improvement in saturation, reduced respiratory rate and decrease in ICU stay with good haemodynamic stabilty. NIV group had less intubation rate and more compliance compared to HFNC group

Zooplankton Productivity Evaluation of Lentic and Lotic Ecosystem

The present study reveals the correlation of zooplankton productivity of lotic and lentic water ecosystem. The biological rhythms are useful tool to determine the zooplankton production. Planktons enrich the trophic level of lentic and lotic ecosystems. The relationship of primary productivity of any aquatic ecosystem depends on the biological biodiversity. Estimation of zooloplankton productivity of any water system helps to analyse its richness of species as biological population which are sustainable in it by the adequate amount physicochemical parameters. It is observed in most of the water system the quality of physical, chemical and biological phenomena are depends directly or indirectly correlation to establish diverse life as suitable habitat. To identify the current problems on lentic and lotic water system correlation studies will be more helpful, it is need of hour to give more attention on limnology because most of the biodiversity polluted due to industrialisation and anthropology. To develop advanced monitoring tools to address it on time to time problems of water system as key indicators and to conservation strategies towards the sustainable developments